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Blackgram :: Systems of Cultivation :: Rainfed

Land Preparation

Plough the land during summer (April ‐ May) to conserve the moisture, destroy weeds and break the clods.
Repeated plough to get fine tilth taking advantages of soil moisture availability.
Wherever soil crusting is a problem apply lime at 2 t /ha as basally.
Broadcast 750kg of enriched FYM and form Broad Bed Furrow (blackcotton soil) or compartmental bunding (red soil).

Broad Bed Furrow

Compartmental Bunding

Pre monsoon sowing
Seed hardening

Soak the blackgram seeds in 1/3 volume of 100 ppm ZnSO4 (1:0.3 volume of Seed Solution ratio) for 3 with intermittent stirring for uniform soaking. Dry back the seeds to original moisture content (8 - 9%) under shade
(OR)
Coat the seeds with TNAU Vidhai Amirtham @ 10 ml/kg of seeds

Vidhai Amirtham

Seed and seed treatment

Use of certified seeds is recommended
Seed Rate : 20 kg / ha
Treat the seeds with fungicide carbendazim @ 2g/kg of seed
(OR)
Biocontrol agents Trichoderma asperellum@ 4g/kg of seed
(OR)
Bacillus subtilis@ 10g/kg of seeds.

Bio fertilizer seed treatment

Carrier Based Formulation: Treat the seeds required for one hectare with 600 g each of biofertilizers viz., Rhizobium and Phosphobacteria, using rice gruel, shade dry for 30 minutes before sowing. Liquid Formulation: Treat the seeds required for one hectare with 125 ml of each biofertilizers viz., Rhizobium, and Phosphobacteria, shade dry for 30 minutes before sowing. Note: First treat the seeds with Biocontrol agents and then with Rhizobium. Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible.		Carrier Based Formulation		Demo for Carrier Based Formulation
		Liquid Formulation		Demo for Liquid Formulation

Sowing

Seed drill Sowing

Line Sowing

Nutrient Management

Apply fertilizer as per STCR ‐ IPNS recommendation
(OR)
Adopt blanket recommendation.
a. Soil test crop response based integrated plant nutrition system (STCR ‐ IPNS recommendation for specific yield target

Soil : Mixed black calcareous (Perianaickenpalayam series) Yield target: 0.9 ‐ 1.0 t ha^-1
FN = 10.84T‐0.39 SN
FP₂O₅ = 7.23T‐1.00 SP
FK₂O = 5.20T‐0.04 SK

Ready reckoners

Initial soil test values (kg ha^-1)			Yield target ‐ 0.9 t ha^-1			Yield target ‐ 1.0 t ha^-1
Initial soil test values (kg ha^-1)			NPK (kg ha^-1) + FYM @ 12.5 t ha^-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha^-1			NPK (kg ha^-1) + FYM @ 12.5 t ha^-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha^-1
SN	SP	SK	FN	FP₂O₅	FK₂O	FN	FP₂O₅	FK₂O
160	12	300	13^*	25^*	13^*	13^*	28	13^*
180	14	325	13^*	25^*	13^*	13^*	26	13^*
200	16	350	13^*	25^*	13^*	13^*	25^*	13^*
220	18	375	13^*	25^*	13^*	13^*	25^*	13^*
240	20	400	13^*	25^*	13^*	13^*	25^*	13^*

^*maintenance dose

Note: FN, FP₂O₅ and K₂O are fertilizer N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in kg ha^-1, respectively;
T is the yield target in q ha^-1;
SN, SP and SK respectively are available N,P and K in kg ha^-1, respectively and
FP₂O₅ = 7.23T‐1.00 SP
ON, OP and OK are the quantities of N, P & K supplied through organic manure in kg ha-1, respectively;

Initial soil test values (kg ha^-1)			Yield target ‐ 0.9 t ha^-1			Yield target ‐ 1.0 t ha^-1
Initial soil test values (kg ha^-1)			Urea, SSP, MOP (kg ha^-1) + FYM @ 12.5 t ha^-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha^-1			Urea, SSP, MOP (kg ha^-1) + FYM @ 12.5 t ha^-1 + PSB @ 2 kg ha^-1
SN	SP	SK	FN	FP₂O₅	FK₂O	FN	FP₂O₅	FK₂O
160	12	300	28^*	156^*	22^*	28^*	175	22^*
180	14	325	28^*	156^*	22^*	28^*	163	22^*
200	16	350	28^*	156^*	22^*	28^*	156^*	22^*
220	18	375	28^*	156^*	22^*	28^*	156^*	22^*
240	20	400	28^*	156^*	22^*	28^*	156^*	22^*

(OR)

Blanket Recommendation

Recommended Quantity of Nutrient (kg /ha)					Quantity of fertilizer needed (kg /ha)
Recommended Quantity of Nutrient (kg /ha)					Situation I				Situation II
N	P₂O₅	K₂O	S^*	MN	Urea	SSP	MOP	MN	Urea	DAP	MOP	Gypsum	MN
12.5	25	12.5	20	5	28	156	21	5	6	55	21	85	5

Entire quantity of NPKS applied as basal in the last plough.
Before sowing apply 5 kg of TNAU MN mixture for pulses /ha as enriched in FYM at 1:10 ratio incubated for 30 days at friable moisture.

^*Note:Apply sulphur through gypsum if phosphorus is not applied as single Super Phosphate

TNAU MN Mixture

Weed management

Pre‐emergence (PE) application of pendimethalin at 0.75 litre /ha followed by one hand weeding or mechanical weeding on 20‐25 DAS.
Apply PE herbicides 3 days after sowing using Knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle using 500 litres of water for spraying one hectare.

^*Note:At the time of herbicide application enough moisture should be present in soil

Weeding with power weeder

Foliar spray

Apply TNAU Pulse wonder @ 5 kg/ha as foliar spray during peak flowering stage.
Spray should be given during early morning or late evening using Knapsack sprayer with 500 litres of water for one hectare.

TNAU Pulse Wonder

Drought mitigation

Foliar spraying of 2% KCl + 100 ppm Boric acid during dry spell as amid season management practice
(OR)
Foliar spray at 500 ml/ha of PPFM (Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotroph) at terminal water stress condition.
(OR)
Foliar spraying of 0.5% chitosan is act as an anti‐transparent.

Harvesting

Harvesting the plants after attaining physiological maturityie.,Grain colour changing from green to black and leaves turn yellow colour and starts shedding of leaves or 80% of the pods are matured.
Over maturity may result in shattering.
Harvested crop should be dried on threshing floor for few days and then threshed.
Threshing can be done either manually or by trampling with tractor.
Dry the seeds to 8 - 9 per cent moisture content.

Harvest Maturity