Currently farmers working hard to improve their income in crop production and overcome shortage of labourers. It was developed with a focus such that is integrated farming system. Crop production, animal husbandry, fishery, and agro-forestry such agri-related professionals play a major role in agro-economics. In addition to improving the income of the peasant farmers has boosted employment. The interdependency of the two or more jobs at the same place on the same farm, combined with the activity in integrated farming project will probably be integrated farming system.

Bio-gas: In farm waste such as dung is mixed with straw, grass, leaves and kitchen waste were kept in anaerobic environment produced gas is called as bio-gas.

The carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and hydrogen sulfide gases combinations, methane is inflammable. This is 55 per cent.

Uses and features:

• Accumulation of moist dung in heap will produce various pathogens and this will be avoided by biogas production.
• Because of smoke free it can be used for cooking. Speedy in cooking time. In the cooking protect the utensils from carbon sedimentation. it can be used to generate electricity and to run the engine. Saves 70-80% diesel requirement. Well digested and odourless dung liquid is called as slurry. Its used for land reclamation and enrichment.
• If weeds and seeds by fermentation reduced capacity and in field production of weeds reduced.
• Used wastes as food to fish and pig.
• Used  to make compost.
• Used  to make Asola fertilizer

Parts of Bio gas utensil

1. Fermentation tank
2. Gas tank
3. Pipe Systems
4. Mixing tank
5. Gas stove
6. Waste mixing exiting tank

Place and capacity

• Construct bio gas tank nearer to farm, levelled, elevated land, open to sunlight source.
• Land water level not within 7-8 feet deep and drinking water wells hould not be close to 15 meters.
• Sufficient water must be available.

Vessel Size: One Cubic meter of container is required to set up at least 3 cows.

• 6 cubic meters - 15 cows
• 10 cubic meters - 25-30 cows
• 25 cubic meters - 60-65 cows

Settting method of vessel:
Fermentors

• The circular shape beneath of the earth with bricks and cement to be constructed. Upper part to be exposed to above the earth.
• The semi-circular shaped fermentors to be separated into two 2/3 heights. In that level, build the inner walls tolerant to gas vessel.
• Place a guide map in the middle of the wall. It helps to keep a level of gas vessel while going up and down. Protection walls constructed only when the capacity exceeds 3m3.
• Pipe which is from the mixed vessel between the two rooms should be organize 2-3 feet from the ground level.
• Mixed  vessel’s height just than exiting waste vessel is better.

Gas tank

• It is a circular-shaped iron box. Above ledger fit in reverse. The mouth should be immersed in the mixture.
• Fit tube in not outlet gas at top.

Method of usage

• Preserve it with two to three weeks by pouring water and then pour cow dung slurry. Initially full capacity of the tank should be filled with slurry, so collect cow dung when starting the construction of tank. Dung and water to be mixed in the proportion of 1: 1 ratio to fill the tank.
• Once the Biogas begun to come pour the cow dung slurry continuously then only it will supply gas continously.
• Every time when pouring cow dung mixture slurry also come out from the tank. Tank gas pressure is sufficient to remove the slurry. Gas come out from the tank will be transferred to gas stove through adopter.

Measures to be considered

• In coastal area due to salinity the gas tank should be line with plastic.
• The gas production was higher in the summer, less in winter to prevent this,     dissolve cow dung in medium warm water.
• Sometimes fermentor walls bursts due to poor quality cement.
• In some cases, mixture in the vessel likely to sediment and it will be avoided by   
  frequent stirring.
• Formation of water in the pipeline cause blocking. To prevent this place a valve
   to discharge the water.

Fermentation capacity: High fermentation occurs at a temperature of 30-35 ° C  . At least 50 liters per day of gas produced per kg of dung.

Bio-gas production in integrated farming

• Family - 5 persons
• Productivity - 2 cubic meters / day 
• Cow dung - 60 kg / day
• Needed cattles - 3
• Biogas production - 730 cubic meters / year
• The value of biogas – Rs. 5000 / - / cubic meters / year 
• Biogas Waste - 57 kg / day

Government has approved the various designs of bio-gas plants
Currently, the central government recommended the four types of biogas models approved to receive a subsidy.

1. Rural job Commission steel drum gas gallon.
2. The Commission KVIC fiber drum gas cylinder.
3. Concrete wall of the drum cylinder (Perro cement shape)
4. Standard ball-shaped roof cylinder (Dheenabandhu model).

To set up the plant lot of trained trainers are available in the villages. The form of the building of the gas burner can be easily complete. The standard drum buy at the village level should be checked.

Khadi Rural job Commission and the fiber of the steel drum, fibre drum gas System (Biogas is large enough for a digester).

• Cow dung, urine and remainings in cattle feed or vegetables are cut into small pieces and put into tank and it will be fermented.
• This digester barrel above the gas vessel is shut off it. The standard of the gas coming through fermentation will collected. The correct pressure for the gas and pass through gas pipe.
• Gas usages places like gas stove, cobra gas and gas engines receives gas through gas pipe without reduction in pressure. For Cobra gas stove, light and engines apparatus were specially designed.

Running Bio gas plant

• Digester calling as fermentation tank was constructed by bricks and cement mixtures or made with available building materials. Gas gallon was made with light weight fibres. Made of polyester fiber glass, the pressure of gas in the first will be increasing in cost.  But in future no need of painting and also rust free in nature.
• The tubes are made to carry gases should be made of Iron or black polythene. The internal diameter should not be less than 1 inch or 32 mm.  Thickness should not less than 4.7 mm.  Polyethylene pipes are cheaper one. Easy installation. Inside house ½ inch or ¾ inch GI pipes should be used.
• KVIC commission authorized stoves or lamps are to be used. Its efficiency was already tested.
• Collect cow dung and urine of cattle and put it in mixer tank, add water and mix well and feed through inner pipe. Equal amount of cow dung slurry will be exited through outlet. Add farm waste or house dust in layer with cow dung slurry and close the fertilizer pit.

Structure and function of Dheenabandhu Gas plant

• Bottom of the cell in the shape of football constructed with concrete mix. It’s minimizing building cost. Building to be built at the top (capacity) is reduced. Concrete covered as half ball shape from the top will reduce the cost. There is no chance of mistakes in measurement. 
• Pouring dung in the 6-inch pipe and construct cow dung mixing tank on top of this pipe.
• The tank will be built on a large scale is necessary for the outlet of cow dung. Because, when large amounts of gas produced in excess of the tank dung liquid could raise on the roof of the plant.
• Thus, the level of dung will be come down when the gas used for burning. Cow dung mixture climbing up and down from the level in cow dund outlet tank indicates the system operates in good condition.

Special features of Dheenabandhu gas model

• It was constructed with locally available bricks, sand and gravel.
• Building is finished in underground. Long lasting one.
• There is no maintenance cost.
• Trained village mason will build easily.
• In winter there is no decrease in gas production.
• Built at a lower cost.

Fixed Tent System
Other important points to observe when setting up the device

• Select right capacity.
• Put the excavated soil to ½ meters away from the pit.
• Concrete mixture should be clean and must be prepared at the respective site.
• The first quality standard chamber bricks is to be used.
• The exterior walls will be filled with soil or sand.
• The sand or dust should not fall in the top of the wall inter space.
• In the inter space  filled with 1: 3 cement mixture with more watery condition.
• Dung injection / external tank’s walls to be built after removing the pseudo roof. Construct two pillars near to injection and outlet tank hole in order to separate pseudo wall easily.
• While constructing pseudo roof try to avoid sliding.
• Tiling of the inner and outer wall should be completed in the same day.
• While placing bricks on the pseudo wall gas outlet pipe should be fixed at center of the dome.
• Dung injection / external tanks should be covered with concrete or wood.
• Brick hut covered with sand or mud. In the problematic soil like loamy sand construct with R.C.C. concrete belt for the every two metres.

Activation of the bio gas plant after construction

• Pour water for two to three weeks and preserve it then start filling cow dung solution.
• It is difficult to fill the dung in a single day. Start collecting dung for one month and separate the dry cow dung. Fresh cow dung mixed with water in 1:1 proportion and then fill it in tank.
• If the design is KVIC, fill the cow dung solution upto the level of slurry outlet. In case of fixed tent system fill the dung solution upto the bottom level of dome.
• Close the gas outlet pipe. Two weeks after filling cow dung solution its start producing gas hereafter we should not fill the tank with cow dung solution.
• If the standard tent system, after one or two weeks is there any rising in solution level in cow dung inlet and outlet tank. If the cow dung slurry started to coming out from the outlet tank indicates system operating in a right way.
• If you want to know that the device is working properly, mark the level in the slurry outlet tank in the morning. After using the gas for cooking purpose the level of the slurry solution comes down, like this up and down level noted down when it reaches one to two foot level. In the evening again it started increasing and after using the gas it comes down. If it is working like this the system working in a good condition.
• If it is KVIC model, once the gas is generated the iron dome will move upwards and when the gas is utilized dome will reach the starting position. This will give the indication that system works in good condition.

Funding agency: The central government's Energy Resources department, for setting up the gas plant release the subsidy through KVIC. This subsidy amount will change according to capacity, place (hill or plain area) and person (small, marginal farmers and landless worker). The subsidy will be determined each year by the central government. Any farmer having  three cows, sufficient space to set up the plant can approach the  khadi commision or Sarvodaya Association khadhar bawan in the respective districts.

Comparison between Indane and Bio gas

• If Gas leak may occurred means cause major casualities. Bio gas is very safe for the womens those who are all cooking.
• Awaiting for the cylinder supply after registering the same.. No need to wait in case of bio gas.
• The presence of gas in the cylinder is difficult to estimate, it is easy to estimate in the bio gas tank. Indane gas may useful only for cooking but bio gas can be used for cooking, lighting and running engines and also provides enriched fertilizer.
• Every time we have to spend money when buying a cylinder. Once the construction completed and start to functioning no need to spend money.

Production of bio gas through integrated farming system will reduce the production cost with increased income.