Calf Crop

The number or percentage of calves produced in a herd within a given year relative to the number of cows and heifers exposed to breeding.

Canopy

The uppermost layer in a forest, formed collectively by tree crowns.

Chisel

A farm implement used to break through and shatter compacted or otherwise impermeable layers of soil.

Contour Farming

Field operations such as plowing, planting, cultivating, and harvesting on the contour, or at right angles to the natural slope to reduce soil erosion, protect soil fertility, and use water more efficiently.

Cultivar

The name officially given for all cultivated varieties of plants.

Cultivator

A machine used to till the upper portion of the soil, primarily used to destroy weeds or form a moisture retaining mulch.

Calcification

Process including accumulation of calcium carbonate.

Carrier:

The liquid or solid material added to a chemical compound to facilitate its storage, shipment and application.

Case study

A case study consists of materials related to an event, or problem. Since most of the case studies are related to real life situation, the analysis of case studies will help in acquiring
development of analytical skills.

Cash crop

A high value marketable crop, e.g., sugarcane, cotton, jute, tobacco, tea etc.

Catch crop

A quick growing crop incidentally planned and harvested between two major crops in consecutive seasons, also it may be a contingency crop grown to replace a major crop which has failed.

Catchment area

Catchment Area is the term used to describe the entire area under a watershed that drains into a source. An area from where entire rainwater is collected and then conducted to a reservoir.

Chemigation

The process where fertilizers and pesticides are applied into irrigation water to fertilizer crops and control pests.

Chiselling

Breaking of loosening the soil, without inversion, with a chilse plow, usually below normal plow depth.

Complex fertilizers

The commercial fertilizer containing atleast two or more of the primary essential nutrients, they are designed as incomplete complex fertilizers, while those containing all these primary nutrients are called as complex fertilizers.

Crop rotation (sequential cropping)

The growing of different crops on a piece of land in a pre-planned succession.