• Masses of black powdery spores on both exterior and between the scales of the bulbs
• Especially along the vascular strands of the veinswed by these scales becoming dry and papery

Identification of pathogen:

• Mycelium - branched, septate thick walled foot cells differentiate and give rise to a single conidiophore
• Conidiophore - globose on which brown sterigmata are formed
• Vesicle, sterigmata, conidia make up the black head - characteristic of the fungus

• Rapid and thorough curing
• Storage - good ventilation
• Temp - just above 0°C