Symptom

• Seeding infection causes twisting towards one side. Chestnut brown pustules are formed on hypocotyl leading to collapse of seeding.
• On older plants girdling and hypertrophy of the stem base may occur.
• Small, powdery chestnut brown pustules of 1-2 mm in size develop on leaf surface which later turn black.
• Rust symptoms appear on leaves, flowers and fruits in the form of uredopustules which are brown in colour.
• In seedling stage initially orange yellow spots appear, later turn to brown to black on cotyledons resulting in drooping and wilting of the seedlings.

• Avoid growing in low-lying areas and flooding under irrigation.
• Remove and destroy the diseased plants.
• Do not delay irrigation until the crop exhibits moisture stress symptoms.
• Destruction of plant debris.
• One or two sprays of Hexaconazole/propiconazole 1 ml/litre 0.05%) or mancozeb (0.25%) at 15 days interval.
• Seed treatment with thiram or captan 3g/kg.