Symptoms

• Small, circular reddish-brown spots with concentric rings on leaves
• Dark brown lesions on petioles, stem and capsules
• Blighting of leaves and defoliation
• Splitting of capsules and shrivelled seeds

Identification of pathogen

• Conidiophore : Occasionally in groups
• Conidia : Obclavate and light olive in colour in chains

Favourable Conditions

High atmospheric humidity (85-90%) and low temperature (16-20ºC).

Mode of Spread and Survival

• Survive on Jatropha pandurifoliaand Bridelia hamiltoniana.
• Primary spread: Externally and internally seed borne.
• Secondary spread: Wind-borne conidia.

Management

• Remove the reservoir host periodically
• Avoid closer spacing.
• Spray mancozeb at 1000 g/ha.