Organic Farming - Introduction
Organic Farming - Principles
Organic Farming - Steps
Successful Organic Transition
Organic Farming Vs
Conventional Farming
Organic Cultivation:
        - Agriculture Crops
        - Horticulture Crops

Biodynamic Farming
Biofertilizers Technology
Composting
Vermicompost
Coir Compost
Panchakavya
Dasakavya
Effective Microorganism
Recycling of Farm Waste

Organic Cultivation of Cabbage

Varieties

Hills       : Quisto
Plains    : Golden Acre, Maha Rani

Soil

It is commonly cultivated in cool moist climate. It is grown as a winter crop in plains. It is grown in varied types of soils ranging from sandy loam to clay. It requires a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5 for higher production.

Season of sowing

Hills       : January - February, July - August, September- October
Plains    : August - November

Seed rate : 650 g/ha

Nursery

100 sq mt nursery area/ha is required. Raised beds of 15 cm height, 1m breadth and convenient length are formed. 2 kg FYM, 200g vermicompost, 40g VAM, 200g each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria should be applied per sq mt. Sow the seeds at 10 cm spacing between rows in raised seed beds. Transplant 40 -45 days old seedlings at a spacing of 45 cm. Avoid land infected with 'club root disease'.

Seed treatment

• Seed treatment with cow pat pit @ 3 g in 1 litre of water for 24 hours
• Seed treatment with 5% Trichoderma viride
• Seedling root dip with 5% Pseudomonas fluorescens before transplanting for the management of club root disease

Preparation of field

Bring the soil to a fine tilth. Pits should be taken up at a spacing of 40 cm either way in hills. Ridges and furrows are formed at 45 cm apart in plains.

Spacing

Hills       :  40 x 40 cm
Plains    :  45 x 30 cm

Irrigation            

Provide continuous supply of moisture.

Application of fertilizers

• Green manuring with lupin 60 days before planting
• Sprinkling of horn manure to the soil at the time of land preparation @ 75 g/ha by dissolving it in 40 litres of water
• Application of well decomposed farm yard manure @ 50 t/ha at the time of land preparation
• Application of biodynamic compost @ 5 t/ha at the time of land preparation
• Application of vermicompost @ 5 t/ha at the time of land preparation
• Application of neem cake @ 1250 kg/ha at the time of land preparation
• Application of biofertilizers, Azospirillum and Phsophobacteria @ 25 kg each/ha at the time of land preparation
• Spraying cow pat pit @ 5 kg/ha in 100 litres of water on 45th, 60th and 75th day after planting

After cultivation

Deep hoeing should be avoided, as the cabbage roots are surface feeders.

Growth regulators

• Foliar spraying of panchagavya @ 3 per cent at 10 days interval from 1st month after planting
• Spraying 10% vermiwash 5 times at 15 days interval from one month after planting
• Foliar spray of horn silica @ 2.5 g/ha in 50 litres of water on 65th day after planting to increase the yield and quality of cabbage head

Plant protection
Pests
Cut worms

• Install light trap during summer to attract adult moths
• Install sprinkler irrigation system and irrigate the field in day time to expose the larvae for predation by birds
• Use of pyrethrum bait prepared out of pyrethrum flowers, wheat bran and jaggery (2:1:1)

Aphids

• Spray neem oil 3 %
• Spraying of 10% nettle leaf extract on 45th, 60th and 75th day after planting

Diamond backmoth

• Grow mustard as intercrop at 20:1 ratio to attract diamond back moths for oviposition
• Install pheromone traps @ 12 numbers/ha
• Spray Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/lit at primordial stage
• Spray NSKE 5 % after primordial stage
• Release parasite Diadegma semiclausum @ 50,000/ha, 60 days after planting
• Foliar spraying of 10% garlic - chilli extract 3 times on 45th, 60th and 75th day after planting

Diseases
Club root

• Select disease free seeds/seedlings
• Seed treatment @ 10 g/ kg of seeds or soil application @2.5 kg/ha or seedling dip in solution of 5g/lit with Pseudomonas fluorescens 
• Follow crop rotation
• Crucifers should be avoided for three years
• Application of dolomite @ 10 kg/ha should be done to increase the pH of the soil. This creates unfavourable condition for the pathogen

Leaf spot

• Foliar spray of 5 % Manchurian tea filtrate 3 times at one month interval from one month after sowing/planting
• Foliar spray of 3% Dasagavya at 10 days interval from 1st month after planting
• Seeds should be soaked in hot water (50oC) for 30 minutes, dried and then sown.

Leaf Blight

Spraying Agni Hotra ash (200 g Agni Hotra ash soaked in 1 liter cow urine for 15 days and diluted in 10 liters of water before spraying) 3 times at one month interval from one month after sowing/planting.

Black rot

• Dip the seeds in 100 ppm Streptocycline for 30 minutes
• Two sprays with Streptomycin 100 ppm after planting and at head formation

Soil borne diseases

• Application of Trichoderma viride @ 5 kg/ha at the time of land preparation
• Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5 kg/ha at the time of land preparation

Yield

Hills      : 70 - 80 t/ha in 150 days
Plains   : 25 - 35 t/ha in 120 days