TNAU Agritech Portal :: Indigenous Farming

Indigenous Farming :: Indigenous Technical Knowledge

Dindigul
Sl.No	Name of the village and block	ITK identified	Rationale	Benefit
1	Manjanaickenpatty village of Palani block	About 250 gm of sand mixed with 100 g of Neem seed powder placed at the base of leaf Sheath after removing the old spathe in coconut to control Rhinoceros bettle.	Sand with neem powder will enter into the neck of the bettle and due to coarse nature; the neck will be cut away from the body as beetle moves the head.	Low cost, easy to adopt and prevents the Rhinoceros bettle havoc effectively and efficiently.
2	Nallampillai village of Nilakottai block	Dried leaf powder of tulsi, neem and adathoda mixed with pulses seeds for preventing damage of storage pests	The chemicals present in the leaf powder deter the pest from damaging seeds of pulses	Low cost,Easy to adopt&replace the use inorganic pesticide during storage. Does not impair the germination potential of seeds
3	Pudhupatty of Reddiarchatram block	Tying plastic carry bags to sticks of 2’ height and stacked in the boundary with an escapement of 2m2 This technique is carried out to scare away the squirrel from damaging the sorghum seeds sown	The sound of the whirling wind and bags caused will scare away squirrel and birds	Low cost, germination of sorghum seeds will be maintained up to 98 %.
4	Pallapatti village of Nilakottai block	For preventing indigestion in dairy animals, beetal leaf and nuts of arecanut are crushed well, mixed and given to the animals	Beetal leaf along with arecanut nut enhance the digestion.	Improves digestion
5	Kattamanaickenpatty village of Nilakottai block	Spraying bio- gas slurry mixed with water 1:10 ratio in jasmine prevents flower drop and corrects nutrient (Fe) deficiency.	Nutrients are supplied to correct iron deficiency and prevents flower drop	Easy to adopt and low cost
6	Mallayapuram of Athoor blcok	Vanaspathi is smeared in udder to cure mastistis	Secondary infection is devoured	Easy to adopt

Coimbatore
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Animal Science	Equal quantity of Napthalene balls and camphor were mixed with water into paste and apply on the body of cattles for 2 hours.	To control ecto parasite in animals .
2	Home Science	Storage container of pulses in the houses were filled with red chillies, neem leaves at the bottom part.	To control spoilage of pulses by insects in household level.

Erode
Sl.No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Goat (Attu oottam)	Goat dung- 5kg, Goat urine- 5 litres, Goat milk- 2 litres, Goat curd- 2 litres, (Cow)Ghee -1 litre, Sugarcane juice- 2litres, Banana -10 nos, Tender coconut water-2 litres, Toddy – 2 litres/ yeast -800g, Jaggery – 800g, water- 5 litres. Preparation : Goat dung and urine to be mixed together and soaked over night. The next day morning mix cows ghee and keepit for 4 days. On the fourth day mix all the other ingredients and stir well(morning and evening). Keep the mixture for 2 weeks. The preparation will be ready for use on the 18th day.	Crop growth promoter
2	Vermiculture	A gunny bag dipped and coated with cow (Country breed animals) dung and placed on a shaded land for a day	Country Earthworm collection
3	Cotton,cowpea and ground nut	1% Turmeric+ ash powder solution (each one kg in 100 liters of water)	Management of sucking pest aphids
4	Paddy , fruit trees	5% fermented coconut milk solution(1litre in 20 liters of water)	Growth promoter
5	cattle	Leaves of jack-200g and neem bark 300g are boiled in 5 liters of water for 1 hr until it becomes 3 litres. Half a liter of this decoction is given orally for 2 times	Management of FMD
6	Large and small ruminants	Banana inflorescence -3 for large animals 1 for small ruminants	Management of diarrhea
7	Groundnut, sugarcane	Fermented castor solution trap: 5kg of castor seeds to be pulverized and mixed with 5 liters of water. Keep it for 7-10 days for fermentation. Add 2 liters of fermented castor solution in each buried mud pot and fill with water up to neck portion	Management of white grubs
ITK - Erode
Kanchipuram
S. No.	Crop/ Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Animal Science	Oral Administation of powered gingelly with palm jaggery	Retention of placenta of cattle
		Aloe vera – ½ kg, Aanai neringe – ½ kg Mixed in equal proposion	Treating in fantile gentilia
		Aloe vera, Aanai neringe, Amukkra root, Mixed in equal proposion	Urine treatment of cattle
		Peraindai – 300 grams,Salt – 100 g, Dry chillies – 50 g,Pepper – 50 g, Garlic – 50 g,Kandatippili – 50 g, Elakai – 10 g	Indigestion in cattle
		Neem bark sivanar venpu, karundal kailngu, jaggery,Malaivempu each 50 grams – twice for 3 days	Deworming
		Perandai leaves boiled in water cooled, filtered	Bloat
2	Fisheries	Covering the rostrum of brood stock of freshwater prawn with plastic tube	While transport to avoid damage of packing material
		Use of banana leaves	For deposition of eggs of egg laying ornamental fishes
		Use of teak leaves	To maintain acidic ph in the ornamental fish tank during breeding of the ornamental fishes
		Placing the carrot and potato slices and banana peals in the tanks where the ornamental fish larvae are reared	To enhance the formation of live feed, Infusoria.
3	Agriculture	Kerosene @ 1 lt mixed with soap & water is sprayed	To control leaf folder & stem borer in paddy
		Use of trap crop (marigold)	To control pests in chilli & tobacco crops
		Mulching the field with trashes	To control shoot borer in sugarcane, leaf miner in groundnut
		NSKE (Neem Seed Kernal Extract) 25 kg neem seed kernel, 500 lts of water, soaking for 8 hours	To control rice sheath rot(5%), Blackgram powdery mildew, green leaf hopper(vector of rtv) at 2 sprays at 15 days interval;
4	Homescience	Use of cow dung in floors	To control mites & ants.
4	Homescience	Use of tamarind in pickles	As preservative to improve keeping quality
Kanyakumari
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Paddy	Spraying of bird’s eye chilli leaf extract is used at five per cent concentration. Spraying was usually done after the appearance of the incidence	Control of ear head bug
2.	Paddy	Cycus inflorescence is placed in the field at flowering stage of the cop	Control of rat damage
3.	Brinjal	Before planting the seedlings are dipped in water, which contains one gram of aseophoteda and 10 grams of turmeric powder per litre of water.	Control of fusarium wilt
Karur
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Paddy	Application of tamarind seed @ 100kg / ac at last ploughing	To prevent the Cyperus rotandus infestation
2	Paddy	Spraying of 3% panchakavya (300ml / 10litre of water) at tillering stage and subsequent spraying at 15 days	To increase number of tillers per hill
2	Paddy		To control pest and disease
3	Paddy	Spraying of lemon juice solution @ 100ml / 10litres of water (10 egg + required lemon juice to submerge all eggs + 250gm of jaggery – allowed 10 days for fermentation then mixed well and add powdered jaggery equal to juice solution)	To increase crop yield
4	Water salinity	Keeping Amla trunks in well water	To reduce salt content in irrigation water
5	Paddy	Spraying of Jatropha leaf extract (20Kg of Jatropha leaf + + 200litres of water)	To control leaf folder
6	Paddy	Chilli powder solution spray (2kg of chilli powder + 200 litres of water)	To control aphids and hairy caterpillars
7	All crops	Soaking seeds in mint leaf extract for 1 hour (Extract from 100 gm of mint leaves + 1 litre of water)	To prevent seed borne diseases
8	Pulses	Spray turmeric powder and ash solution (2Kg of turmeric powder + 8 Kg of ash + 200 litre of water per acre)	To control sucking pests like aphids, hoppers etc.,
9	Vegetables	Spraying of garlic extract and kerosene solution (2 kg of garlic + 200 litres of water + 400ml of kerosene)	To control fruit borers
10	Paddy	Spraying of Prosopis leaf extract ( 20Kg of leaves + 200 litres of water)	To control blast
11	Paddy	Spraying of salt and ash solution (2Kg of salt + 8 kg of ash + 200 litres of water per acre)	To control leaf folder
12	All crops	Spraying of papaya leaf extract (10Kg of papaya leaves + 200 litres of water)	To control bacterial and viral diseases
13	Vermi compost production	Gunny bags were dipped in Calotrophis leaf extract solution before used it to cover the vermicompost bed (Leaves of the Calotrophis are soaked with water with small amount of cow dung for 3 days) then used it for dipping gunny bags	To control termites
14	Paddy	Spraying of the extract of tamarind and vadhanaryana leaf	To over come Zn deficiency
15	All crops	Spraying of the extract of calotropis	To overcome the Boron deficiency
Nagaipattinam
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Paddy	Nochi leafs along with stored paddy grain. News paper clippings and herbal leaf mixture.	To repell stored product pests.
2.	Pulses	Use of neem oil / red earth	To repell stored product pests.
3.	Vegetables	Neem extract/ Pungam Oil/ Panchaghavya	To control sucking pests and borers.
4.	Vegetable seeds	Preserving vegetable seeds by treating with cow dung.	To maintain the viability and ** of the seeds.
ITK - Nagaipattinam
Nilgris
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Vegetables	Spraying plant extracts of all sap oozing weeds (eg.) Perandai, Erukam, Vilvam etc.,	To control pests in vegetables
2.	Composting	Addition of salt – ½ kg and ayesenduram- 10 gms.	For quick composting and enrichment of nutrients
3	Vermicomposting	Placing egg shells in the compost beds	To avoid lizard damage to worms
4	Floriculture	Spraying diluted solution of lime (CaCo3 soaked in cow urine for one day @ 1kg/20lt.	To control mites in carnation
5	Vegetable seeds	Seeds stored in bags are placed in lofts above the fire place	Seed storage
6	Vegetables	Wide spacing while transplanting seedlings	To tide over plant decay due to water logging
7	Tea	Spraying soda with turmeric (5:2) in 15 lts.of water once in fifteen days.	For controlling blister blight in tea
8.	Tea	Mixing of diesel with weedicides.	Weed control
9.	Silver oak	Spraying of cow dung over Silver oak saplings.	To prevent cow damage to silver oak plants in tea field.
Pondichery
S. No.	ITK	Scientific rationale	Validation by KVK
1.	Application of Custard Apple extract for the control of rice green leaf hopper.	Alkaloid annonaine found in seed is responsible for suppressing leaf hopper	-do-
2.	Spraying of Garlic extract to suppress Spodoptera litura	Diallyl disulphide, diallyl tri-sulphide active molecule is responsible to control Spodoptera litura	-do-
3	Water Soaked Bengal gram for infantile genitalia	Protein rich diet improves the growth and early maturity of the genitalia.	-do-
4	Spraying of plain water for thrips management in rice.	Delivery of water at high speed washes off soft bodied thrips	Validated in farmers field of IPM Field School
5	Spraying of green Chilli extract	Capsaicin active ingredient in green chillies is responsible to control sucking pest	Success observed in IPM Farmers’ Field School.
6	Use of ‘Panchakavya’	Growth promotion is favoured by the beneficial micro organisms multiplied in large quantities after application	Yet to be validated by this Kendra
Pudukottai
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Groundnut and pulses	Used polyethylene covers in sticks in the field	Scare off birds in Groundnut and pulses field
2	Culinary preparation	Addition of raw papaya pieces in mutton kurumas	Tenderize meat by papain enzymatic action
3	Banana	Covering of banana bunches with its tree leaves	Retain its original colour and increase size
4	cow	Oral application of Neem oil as dewormer	Removing the worms in cows
5	Eucalyptus	Application of dried Poultry manure while planting Eucalyptus	Augments the growth and establishment of newly planted Eucalyptus seedlings
6	cow	Oral administration Aloevera & Aanai nerunji leaves	induce heat in cows
7	goat	Oral administration of Betelvines, omam and ani seeds to goats	Correct indigestion
8	Banana	Smoking banana bunches with dried banana leaves	Uniform & quick ripening of banana bunches
9	Amla	Beating of branches of Amla tree before flowering season	Boosting yield
10	Jasmine	Pinching of current season shoot in Jasmine	Obtaining higher flower yield at the appropriate time
Salem
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Sugar cane	Sugar cane Harvesting knife	A flat shaped iron blade is attached with wooden pole, tools like axe The length of the blade can be 15 cm, width is 12 cm. It is traditionally used for harvesting the sugarcane.
2.	Cereals & Oil seeds	Measuring equipment-Vallam	This equipment is made up of iron and it is round in shape. The height of the equipment is 23 cm, the diameter is 20 cm. This equipment is traditionally used for measuring the agricultural grains (Paddy, cumbu, sorghum, ragi, groundnut and millets). The capacity of equipment is 4kg and the worth of this implement ranges from Rs.80 to Rs.100.
Sivagangai
Sl. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Black gram	NSK extract + Neem leaf + Cow dung slurry + Urine Spray	Pest and Disease management
2	Paddy	Seedling dipping in Panchakavya+Pseudomonas	Better establishment
3	Paddy	Fertilizer application after subjected to soil incubation	To arrest wastage of nutrients
4	Groundnut	Trap cropping with Bhendi+Cowpea+Chrysanthemum+Maize	To control Pests
Thanjavur
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Dairy	For the prevention of prolapse of uterus in milching animal by used the leaves of Karekaki soppu (solanum nigrum)	Applying and feeding of Karekaki soppu prevent the secretion of prolapse causing hormone in animals after calving
2	Dairy	Simple anorexia: One hand full of leaves of Tylophora indica, datura metel, aegle marmelos, thespesia papulnea, allium sativum and fruits of piper nigrum mustard the above ingredients are crushed and made in to bolus and given orally twice a day for 4 days	It will increase the secretion of digestive juices and rumen motility of animal thereby increased the intake of feed
Thiruvallur
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1	Rice	Soaking of vites and neem leaves in cows urine in pot and kept in soil burried for 3 moths filtered and used	The solution can be used for management of leaf folder in rice
2	Chillies	The paste prepared with the combination of green chillies and asafoetida is dissolved in water in the ratio of 1:1:1	The solution is used for control of muranai caused by thrips and white aphid
3	Sugarcane	The trash mulching along the furrows is discouraged in soil	The practice encourage termatorium in red soils
Thiruvarar
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Agro Forestry	Teak seeds soaked in boiled water	To increase the germination
2.	Agro Forestry	Storing of tree seeds in earthen pots	Increases the viability of seeds for six months
3.	Pulses	Pelleting the pulse seeds with materials like arappu (Albizzia amara) leaf powder	Against the attack from ants and birds
4.	Rice	Spraying of leaf extract with detergent	Effective against rice leaf folder
5.	Rice	Using Thanjavur kitty trap	Control of field rats
6.	Black gram and green gram	Spraying of leaf extract of different indigenous plants species viz., notchi, aduthoda and datura .	Plant protection measures in many areas.
7.	Pulses	Drying of blackgram seeds during amavasai (dark moon)	Against bruchid (pulse beetle) infestation in pulses
8.	Pulses	Storage of seeds along with neem leaves or dried chilli in earthen pot	Protection measure against storage pest and disease
Trichy
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Rice, Banana & Vegetables	Spraying Panchakavya@ 3%	To get high yield without external chemical inputs
2.	Rice	Soaking dry cowdung in kerosene and placing in rice fields	For rat control
3.	Poor quality water	Putting amla tree wood logs in alkali water wells.	To neutralize alkalinity and improve taste of drinking water.
4	Pulses	Soaking fresh *Eichornia* tender leaves for 5 hours and spraying @ 10% concentration	To control pulse beetle
Tuticorin
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Banana	Application of waste cotton from ginning factory	Mulching Reduce the weed growth Withstand water logged condition
ITK - Tuticorin
Virudhunagar
S. No.	Crop / Enterprise	ITK Practiced	Purpose of ITK
1.	Onion	Seed onion spread over the stone bed over which bamboo stakes covered with straw	Seed storage
2.	Redgram	Seeds coated with til oil and then sun drying	Seeds coated with sesame oil facilitates in splitting of pulses
3.	Pulses	Red earth treatment	Red earth treatment helps in preventing bruchid oviposition
4.	Sunflower and millets	Creating sound with steel box	Bird scaring
5.	Rice	Pungam and neem leaves mixed with grain	All grain moths are repelled
6.	Sorghum	Pungam and neem leaves mixed with grain	All grain moths are repelled

Updated on Nov, 2014